PREPARATION OF DEODORANT

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OBJECTIVE:

To prepare a deodorant and evaluate a deodorant’s stability and safety.

INTRODUCTION:

Deodorants and anti-perspirants are preparation that can mask, remove or reduce the unpleasant odor on the body due to sweat. Sweat on its own does not generally have a smell; bacteria present on the surface of the skin digests the sweat and the digestion & breakdown products cause the odor. Therefore, a deodorant functions by decreasing the bacteria population on the skin or by adding fragrance to the body to overcome the foul odor. On the other hand, an anti-perspirant functions by reducing the production of sweat through its astringent property.

APPARATUS:

Water bath, evaporating dish, glass rod, weighing boat, dropper, beaker

INGREDIENTS:

Beeswax, cocoa butter, coconut oil , silicone oil, vitamin E oil, corn starch, essential oil/ perfumes

PROCEDURE:

Ingredients	Percentage (%)	Weight (g) (for 20g of product)
Beeswax	20	4
Cocoa butter	30	6
Coconut oil	30	6
Silicone oil	3	0.6
Vitamin E oil	2	0.4
Corn starch	12	2.4
Essential oil/ Perfumes	Not more than 3	Less than 0.6

A. PRODUCTION

All the ingredients are weighed according to the table above.
Beeswax and the cocoa butter are heated until just melted. Then, the coconut, silicone and vitamin E oils are added.
The essential oils or perfumes are added when all the oils and fats have melted.
The mixture is mixed in the corn starch until homogenous by using hand mixer.
The molten mixture is poured into a container and it is allowed to cool until hardens.
Steps 1 to 5 are repeated by using different types of essential oils or perfumes.

B. EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS

The product is tested by each member of the group.
A simple questionnaire that allows each person to compare the effectiveness of each product and whether the fragrance incorporated is irritating to the skin is devised.
The product is tested after taking a shower in the morning and when the body is dried. One side of underarm functions as a control while the product is applied on the opposite underarm.
Not more than 1g of product is applied on the underarm by using the application provided.
After exactly 9 hours of normal activities, the questionnaire is filled in. The questionnaire is shown as table below.

Questionnaire

Questions	1	2	3	4	5
How do you think about the appearance of the product?
How do you feel after applying the product?
Does the fragrance still remain?
Does it significant in masking odor?

Tips: 1 – Worst, 2 – Bad, 3 – Normal, 4 – Great, 5 – Excellent

Does the deodorant produce unpleasant smell after applied? (Yes / No)

RESULTS:

Questions	1	2	3	4	5
How do you think about the appearance of the product?	-	-	3	2	-
How do you feel after applying the product?	-	-	1	4	-
Does the fragrance still remain?	1	2	2	-	-
Does it significant in masking odor?	-	2	3	-	-

Based on the result obtained from group members, the appearance of the product is just normal and maybe a little bit not so attractive. Secondly, most 4 of group members think that they feel great after apply the product, without feeling any greasy. But, the odor masking of the product is not that significant and the fragrance does not remain for a long time.

DISCUSSION:

Through this experiment, we learnt the correct ways to produce a deodorant. As we know that the use of deodorants is to mask, remove or reduce the unpleasant body odor that causes by the metabolic products of bacteria in some parts of the body. Thus, by reducing the number of bacteria at particular body parts or blocking the sweat pores to avoid sweating, deodorants can significantly reduce the unpleasant smell of the body.

Although deodorants are good in masking, reducing or removing the body odor, some deodorants may causes irritation due to some of the ingredients such as certain kinds of essential oils and fragrances. Hence, the content of the deodorants must be well controlled and be tested before we can actually market them. Sometimes, the ingredients may also cause unwanted blocking of sweating gland and causes some skin problems as the sweat cannot be expelled through sweat glands.

Besides, the feeling of consumers after applying the product is important too. The product should not be too greasy as it will causes unpleasant feeling to consumers. Moreover, the product should not easily evaporate too. This is because, if the product evaporates in a quick manner, the fragrance will disappear soon and causes insignificant masking of body odor. Finally, the picking of the fragrances and essential oils for the product is very important too. This is due to some fragrances when mixed with body sweat; it will produce an even worst smell instead of masking the unpleasant smell of the body. This will definitely causes the product become useless to consumers.

Thus, a good deodorant must be able to mask, reduce or remove the bad smell of the body and do not causes any unwanted effect such as irritation, blocking of sweat glands and blackening of skin to the consumer.

CONCLUSION:

The deodorants can be made by using fusion method of beeswax, cocoa butter, coconut oil, silicone oil, vitamin E oil, corn starch and little volume of essential oil or perfumes.

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